壹 · Category I
核心概念
Core Concepts
易经体系的根基——阴阳、太极、爻、卦等最底层的概念构件。
易
Change / The Change
"易"有三义：变易（万物皆变）、不易（变化中有不变之理）、简易（大道至简）。为整部经典的核心精神。
"Yi" carries three meanings: Change (all things transform), Constancy (an unchanging principle within change), and Simplicity (the great Way is fundamentally simple). The spiritual core of the entire classic.
"Yi" carries three meanings: Change (all things transform), Constancy (an unchanging principle within change), and Simplicity (the great Way is fundamentally simple). The spiritual core of the entire classic.
太极
Supreme Ultimate (Taiji)
宇宙未分之混沌本体，阴阳未判的原始状态。"易有太极，是生两仪。"为万物之源。
The undifferentiated primordial unity before yin and yang separated. "The Change has a Supreme Ultimate, which generates the Two Modes." The source of all things.
The undifferentiated primordial unity before yin and yang separated. "The Change has a Supreme Ultimate, which generates the Two Modes." The source of all things.
阴阳
Yin and Yang
宇宙间最基本的二元对立统一。阴（⚋）为柔、暗、退、藏；阳（⚊）为刚、明、进、显。互根互化，生生不息。
The fundamental duality and unity of the cosmos. Yin (⚋) = yielding, dark, receding, hidden; Yang (⚊) = firm, bright, advancing, manifest. Mutually rooted and transforming, endlessly generating.
The fundamental duality and unity of the cosmos. Yin (⚋) = yielding, dark, receding, hidden; Yang (⚊) = firm, bright, advancing, manifest. Mutually rooted and transforming, endlessly generating.
两仪
Two Modes
太极所生之阴阳二气。天为阳、地为阴；动为阳、静为阴。为一切分化之始。
The two forces of yin and yang born from the Supreme Ultimate. Heaven = yang, Earth = yin; motion = yang, stillness = yin. The beginning of all differentiation.
The two forces of yin and yang born from the Supreme Ultimate. Heaven = yang, Earth = yin; motion = yang, stillness = yin. The beginning of all differentiation.
四象
Four Images / Four Symbols
阴阳各再分阴阳而成：太阳（⚌）、少阴（⚍）、少阳（⚎）、太阴（⚏）。对应四季（春夏秋冬）与四方。
Yin and yang each divide again: Greater Yang (⚌), Lesser Yin (⚍), Lesser Yang (⚎), Greater Yin (⚏). Corresponding to the four seasons and four directions.
Yin and yang each divide again: Greater Yang (⚌), Lesser Yin (⚍), Lesser Yang (⚎), Greater Yin (⚏). Corresponding to the four seasons and four directions.
爻
Yao (Line)
卦的基本组成单位。阳爻（⚊，用"九"表示）和阴爻（⚋，用"六"表示）。每卦六爻，自下而上排列。
The basic unit of a hexagram. Yang line (⚊, denoted "Nine") and Yin line (⚋, denoted "Six"). Each hexagram has six lines, numbered from bottom to top.
The basic unit of a hexagram. Yang line (⚊, denoted "Nine") and Yin line (⚋, denoted "Six"). Each hexagram has six lines, numbered from bottom to top.
卦
Gua (Diagram / Hexagram)
由爻组成的符号图形。三爻为"经卦"（八卦），六爻为"别卦"（六十四卦）。为易经的基本表意单元。
A symbol composed of yao lines. Three lines form a "Primary Gua" (Eight Trigrams); six lines form a "Derived Gua" (Sixty-Four Hexagrams). The fundamental meaning-unit of the Yijing.
A symbol composed of yao lines. Three lines form a "Primary Gua" (Eight Trigrams); six lines form a "Derived Gua" (Sixty-Four Hexagrams). The fundamental meaning-unit of the Yijing.
象
Image / Emblem (Xiang)
卦爻所象征的物象、事象、意象。"圣人立象以尽意"。象是连接符号与意义的桥梁。
The images, situations, and ideas symbolized by hexagrams and lines. "The sages established images to exhaust meaning." Xiang is the bridge between symbol and significance.
The images, situations, and ideas symbolized by hexagrams and lines. "The sages established images to exhaust meaning." Xiang is the bridge between symbol and significance.
数
Number (Shu)
蓍草筮法中的数理体系。"大衍之数五十"，河图洛书之数，先天数与后天数等。数为卜筮之基。
The numerological system in yarrow-stick divination. "The number of the Great Expansion is fifty," the River Map and Lo Shu numbers, Earlier Heaven and Later Heaven numbers. Number is the foundation of divination.
The numerological system in yarrow-stick divination. "The number of the Great Expansion is fifty," the River Map and Lo Shu numbers, Earlier Heaven and Later Heaven numbers. Number is the foundation of divination.
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贰 · Category II
八卦体系
The Eight Trigrams
八卦是六十四卦的基础构件，各有卦名、卦象、卦德、物象，分先天八卦与后天八卦两种排列。
☰
乾
Qian (Heaven)
☰ 三连阳爻。卦德：刚健、创造、进取。物象：天、父、君、金、玉、马、首、西北。
☰ Three unbroken yang lines. Virtue: strength, creativity, initiative. Images: Heaven, father, ruler, metal, jade, horse, head, northwest.
☰ Three unbroken yang lines. Virtue: strength, creativity, initiative. Images: Heaven, father, ruler, metal, jade, horse, head, northwest.
☷
坤
Kun (Earth)
☷ 三断阴爻。卦德：柔顺、包容、承载。物象：地、母、臣、牛、腹、西南。
☷ Three broken yin lines. Virtue: yielding,包容, receptivity. Images: Earth, mother, minister, cow, belly, southwest.
☷ Three broken yin lines. Virtue: yielding,包容, receptivity. Images: Earth, mother, minister, cow, belly, southwest.
☳
震
Zhen (Thunder)
☳ 一阳动于二阴之下。卦德：动、起、惊。物象：雷、长男、龙、足、东。
☳ One yang line stirring beneath two yin. Virtue: movement, arousal, shock. Images: Thunder, eldest son, dragon, foot, east.
☳ One yang line stirring beneath two yin. Virtue: movement, arousal, shock. Images: Thunder, eldest son, dragon, foot, east.
☴
巽
Xun (Wind)
☴ 一阴伏于二阳之下。卦德：入、顺、申命。物象：风、长女、木、鸡、股、东南。
☴ One yin line resting beneath two yang. Virtue: penetrating, yielding, command. Images: Wind, eldest daughter, wood, rooster, thigh, southeast.
☴ One yin line resting beneath two yang. Virtue: penetrating, yielding, command. Images: Wind, eldest daughter, wood, rooster, thigh, southeast.
☵
坎
Kan (Water)
☵ 一阳陷于二阴之间。卦德：险、陷、劳。物象：水、中男、豕、耳、北。
☵ One yang line trapped between two yin. Virtue: danger, entrapment, toil. Images: Water, middle son, pig, ear, north.
☵ One yang line trapped between two yin. Virtue: danger, entrapment, toil. Images: Water, middle son, pig, ear, north.
☲
离
Li (Fire)
☲ 一阴附于二阳之间。卦德：丽、明、附。物象：火、中女、雉、目、南。
☲ One yin line nestled between two yang. Virtue: attachment, clarity, radiance. Images: Fire, middle daughter, pheasant, eye, south.
☲ One yin line nestled between two yang. Virtue: attachment, clarity, radiance. Images: Fire, middle daughter, pheasant, eye, south.
☶
艮
Gen (Mountain)
☶ 一阳止于二阴之上。卦德：止、静、笃实。物象：山、少男、狗、手、东北。
☶ One yang line halting above two yin. Virtue: stopping, stillness, steadfastness. Images: Mountain, youngest son, dog, hand, northeast.
☶ One yang line halting above two yin. Virtue: stopping, stillness, steadfastness. Images: Mountain, youngest son, dog, hand, northeast.
☱
兑
Dui (Lake)
☱ 一阴缺于二阳之上。卦德：悦、说、和。物象：泽、少女、羊、口、西。
☱ One yin line opening above two yang. Virtue: joy, persuasion, harmony. Images: Lake/marsh, youngest daughter, sheep, mouth, west.
☱ One yin line opening above two yang. Virtue: joy, persuasion, harmony. Images: Lake/marsh, youngest daughter, sheep, mouth, west.
先天八卦
Earlier Heaven Arrangement
伏羲八卦方位：乾南坤北，离东坎西。天地定位，山泽通气，雷风相薄，水火不相射。体现宇宙本体秩序。
Fuxi's arrangement: Qian south, Kun north, Li east, Kan west. "Heaven and Earth determine positions; Mountain and Lake exchange breath; Thunder and Wind approach; Water and Fire do not oppose." Reflects the cosmic ontological order.
Fuxi's arrangement: Qian south, Kun north, Li east, Kan west. "Heaven and Earth determine positions; Mountain and Lake exchange breath; Thunder and Wind approach; Water and Fire do not oppose." Reflects the cosmic ontological order.
后天八卦
Later Heaven Arrangement
文王八卦方位：离南坎北，震东兑西。对应四时运行与万物生长收藏之序。为实用卜筮之基础。
King Wen's arrangement: Li south, Kan north, Zhen east, Dui west. Corresponds to the four seasons and the cycle of growth and harvest. The practical basis for divination.
King Wen's arrangement: Li south, Kan north, Zhen east, Dui west. Corresponds to the four seasons and the cycle of growth and harvest. The practical basis for divination.
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叁 · Category III
六十四卦体系
The Sixty-Four Hexagrams
八卦两两相重而成六十四卦，每卦有卦名、卦辞、彖传、象传、爻辞，构成易经的核心文本。
六十四卦
Sixty-Four Hexagrams
八卦两两相重（上卦+下卦），共6×6=64种组合。每卦象征一类情境、事态与变化趋势。从乾坤（天地之始）到既济未济（水火之终），构成完整的宇宙叙事。
Eight trigrams paired as upper + lower, yielding 6×6 = 64 combinations. Each hexagram symbolizes a category of situation, state, and trend of change. From Qian-Kun (beginning of Heaven and Earth) to Ji Ji / Wei Ji (ending of completion and incompletion), forming a complete cosmic narrative.
Eight trigrams paired as upper + lower, yielding 6×6 = 64 combinations. Each hexagram symbolizes a category of situation, state, and trend of change. From Qian-Kun (beginning of Heaven and Earth) to Ji Ji / Wei Ji (ending of completion and incompletion), forming a complete cosmic narrative.
卦名
Hexagram Name
每卦之名称，一字或两字概括卦义。如"乾"=创造，"坤"=顺承，"蒙"=启蒙，"需"=等待。
The name of each hexagram, one or two characters summarizing its meaning. E.g., Qian = creativity, Kun = receptivity, Meng = ignorance/youthful folly, Xu = waiting.
The name of each hexagram, one or two characters summarizing its meaning. E.g., Qian = creativity, Kun = receptivity, Meng = ignorance/youthful folly, Xu = waiting.
卦辞
Hexagram Judgment (Gua Ci)
对全卦的总判辞，概括此卦所象征的总体情境与吉凶趋势。如乾卦辞："元亨利贞。"
The overall verdict for the hexagram, summarizing the situation and fortune it represents. E.g., Qian's judgment: "Sublime success. Perseverance furthers."
The overall verdict for the hexagram, summarizing the situation and fortune it represents. E.g., Qian's judgment: "Sublime success. Perseverance furthers."
爻辞
Line Statement (Yao Ci)
每卦六爻各有判辞，描述该爻位的具体情势。如乾卦初九："潜龙勿用。"爻辞为占筮判断的主要依据。
Each of the six lines has its own statement describing the specific situation at that position. E.g., Qian line 1 (Initial Nine): "Hidden dragon. Do not act." Line statements are the primary basis for divination interpretation.
Each of the six lines has its own statement describing the specific situation at that position. E.g., Qian line 1 (Initial Nine): "Hidden dragon. Do not act." Line statements are the primary basis for divination interpretation.
上卦 / 下卦
Upper Trigram / Lower Trigram
六爻卦之上三爻为上卦（外卦），下三爻为下卦（内卦）。上卦代表外部环境，下卦代表内在本质。
The top three lines form the Upper Trigram (outer); the bottom three form the Lower Trigram (inner). Upper = external environment; Lower = inner nature.
The top three lines form the Upper Trigram (outer); the bottom three form the Lower Trigram (inner). Upper = external environment; Lower = inner nature.
主卦 / 之卦
Nuclear Hexagram / Changed Hexagram
主卦为二至五爻所组成的"互卦"（中爻），揭示事物内在核心。之卦为动爻变化后所得之卦，指示变化方向。
The Nuclear Hexagram is formed from lines 2–5, revealing the inner core. The Changed Hexagram results from transforming the changing lines, indicating the direction of change.
The Nuclear Hexagram is formed from lines 2–5, revealing the inner core. The Changed Hexagram results from transforming the changing lines, indicating the direction of change.
当位 / 不当位
Correct Position / Incorrect Position
一、三、五爻为阳位，二、四、六爻为阴位。阳爻居阳位、阴爻居阴位为"当位"（得正），反之为"不当位"。
Lines 1, 3, 5 are yang positions; lines 2, 4, 6 are yin positions. Yang line in yang position, or yin in yin = "correct position." The opposite = "incorrect position."
Lines 1, 3, 5 are yang positions; lines 2, 4, 6 are yin positions. Yang line in yang position, or yin in yin = "correct position." The opposite = "incorrect position."
应 / 不应
Correspondence / No Correspondence
初与四、二与五、三与上为"应"位。一阴一阳相应为"有应"，两阳或两阴为"无应"。
Lines 1↔4, 2↔5, 3↔6 are in "correspondence" positions. One yin and one yang = "corresponding." Same polarity = "not corresponding."
Lines 1↔4, 2↔5, 3↔6 are in "correspondence" positions. One yin and one yang = "corresponding." Same polarity = "not corresponding."
承 / 乘
Supporting / Riding
下爻对上爻为"承"（承载），上爻对下爻为"乘"（凌驾）。阴承阳为顺，阴乘阳为逆。
The lower line "supports" (cheng) the one above; the upper line "rides" (cheng) the one below. Yin supporting yang = auspicious; yin riding yang = inauspicious.
The lower line "supports" (cheng) the one above; the upper line "rides" (cheng) the one below. Yin supporting yang = auspicious; yin riding yang = inauspicious.
比
Near Relation (Bi)
相邻两爻之间的关系。阴阳相邻为"有比"（亲），同性相邻为无比（疏）。
The relationship between adjacent lines. Different polarity = "related" (intimate); same polarity = "unrelated" (distant).
The relationship between adjacent lines. Different polarity = "related" (intimate); same polarity = "unrelated" (distant).
错卦
Complementary Hexagram
将本卦所有阴阳爻互换所得之卦。如乾之错卦为坤。代表对立互补的视角。
All yin and yang lines are swapped. E.g., Qian's complement is Kun. Represents the opposing and complementary perspective.
All yin and yang lines are swapped. E.g., Qian's complement is Kun. Represents the opposing and complementary perspective.
综卦
Reverse Hexagram
将本卦上下颠倒所得之卦（非所有卦都有综卦，如乾坤离坎无综）。代表相反方向的观察。
The hexagram turned upside-down (not all have reversals — Qian, Kun, Li, Kan are self-reversible). Represents the view from the opposite direction.
The hexagram turned upside-down (not all have reversals — Qian, Kun, Li, Kan are self-reversible). Represents the view from the opposite direction.
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◈
伍 · Category V
占筮方法
Divination Methods
从揲蓍到金钱卦，从变爻到断卦——易经占卜的操作术语与流程概念。
占筮
Divination (Zhan Shi)
以蓍草或铜钱等工具，按特定程序求卦，再据卦爻辞判断吉凶。与"占卜"（龟甲）并为古代两大卜法。
Using yarrow sticks or coins to obtain a hexagram through specific procedures, then interpreting fortune through hexagram and line statements. Alongside tortoise-shell divination, one of the two great ancient methods.
Using yarrow sticks or coins to obtain a hexagram through specific procedures, then interpreting fortune through hexagram and line statements. Alongside tortoise-shell divination, one of the two great ancient methods.
揲蓍
Yarrow Stalk Divination
用五十根蓍草（实用四十九根），经"三变"得一爻，十八变得一卦。为《周易》原初筮法。
Using fifty yarrow stalks (forty-nine in practice). Three changes yield one line; eighteen changes yield a hexagram. The original divination method of the Zhouyi.
Using fifty yarrow stalks (forty-nine in practice). Three changes yield one line; eighteen changes yield a hexagram. The original divination method of the Zhouyi.
三变
Three Changes
揲蓍过程中，经过三次分挂揲归的操作，得一爻之数（6、7、8、9）。6为老阴、7为少阳、8为少阴、9为老阳。
In yarrow divination, three rounds of dividing, hanging, counting, and setting aside yield one line's number (6, 7, 8, 9). 6 = old yin, 7 = young yang, 8 = young yin, 9 = old yang.
In yarrow divination, three rounds of dividing, hanging, counting, and setting aside yield one line's number (6, 7, 8, 9). 6 = old yin, 7 = young yang, 8 = young yin, 9 = old yang.
金钱卦
Coin Method
以三枚铜钱掷六次而成卦。正面为阳（3），反面为阴（2），三钱之和6=老阴、7=少阳、8=少阴、9=老阳。简便易行，为后世常用之法。
Three coins tossed six times. Heads = yang (3), tails = yin (2). Sum of 6 = old yin, 7 = young yang, 8 = young yin, 9 = old yang. The simplified method commonly used in later ages.
Three coins tossed six times. Heads = yang (3), tails = yin (2). Sum of 6 = old yin, 7 = young yang, 8 = young yin, 9 = old yang. The simplified method commonly used in later ages.
老阳 / 老阴
Old Yang / Old Yin
老阳（9）为阳极将变阴，老阴（6）为阴极将变阳。二者为"动爻"（变爻），变化后产生"之卦"。
Old Yang (9) = yang at its extreme, about to change to yin. Old Yin (6) = yin at its extreme, about to change to yang. Both are "changing lines" that generate the Changed Hexagram.
Old Yang (9) = yang at its extreme, about to change to yin. Old Yin (6) = yin at its extreme, about to change to yang. Both are "changing lines" that generate the Changed Hexagram.
少阳 / 少阴
Young Yang / Young Yin
少阳（7）与少阴（8）为静爻，不发生变化。为本卦中稳定不变之爻。
Young Yang (7) and Young Yin (8) are stable lines that do not change. They are the fixed lines of the original hexagram.
Young Yang (7) and Young Yin (8) are stable lines that do not change. They are the fixed lines of the original hexagram.
动爻 / 变爻
Changing Line
老阳或老阴所在之爻位。动则生变，本卦变为之卦。占断时以动爻辞为重。
The line positions where old yang or old yin appear. Movement generates change: the original hexagram transforms into the changed one. In interpretation, changing line statements take priority.
The line positions where old yang or old yin appear. Movement generates change: the original hexagram transforms into the changed one. In interpretation, changing line statements take priority.
本卦 / 之卦
Original Hexagram / Changed Hexagram
摇卦或揲蓍直接得到的卦为"本卦"（主卦）。动爻变化后得到的卦为"之卦"（变卦）。二者对照判断事态发展趋势。
The hexagram directly obtained = "Original Hexagram." After changing lines transform = "Changed Hexagram." Comparing both reveals the trend of development.
The hexagram directly obtained = "Original Hexagram." After changing lines transform = "Changed Hexagram." Comparing both reveals the trend of development.
世爻 / 应爻
Self Line / Other Line
世爻代表问卦者（我方），应爻代表所问之事或对方。世应关系为六爻预测的核心判断要素。
The Self Line represents the querent; the Other Line represents the matter or the other party. The relationship between them is the core analytical element in Six-Line prediction.
The Self Line represents the querent; the Other Line represents the matter or the other party. The relationship between them is the core analytical element in Six-Line prediction.
大衍筮法
Great Expansion Method
《系辞》所载的正统筮法。"大衍之数五十，其用四十有九。"经分二、挂一、揲四、归奇四步，三变得一爻。
The orthodox method recorded in the Xi Ci. "The number of the Great Expansion is fifty; forty-nine are used." Through dividing, hanging, counting, and setting aside, three changes produce one line.
The orthodox method recorded in the Xi Ci. "The number of the Great Expansion is fifty; forty-nine are used." Through dividing, hanging, counting, and setting aside, three changes produce one line.
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陆 · Category VI
哲学概念
Philosophical Concepts
易经对中国哲学、儒家、道家深远影响下的核心思想范畴。
道
The Way (Dao)
"一阴一阳之谓道。"宇宙运行的根本法则。既是形而上之本体，又是万物变化之规律。
"One yin, one yang — that is the Way." The fundamental law of cosmic operation. Both the metaphysical ground of being and the pattern of all transformation.
"One yin, one yang — that is the Way." The fundamental law of cosmic operation. Both the metaphysical ground of being and the pattern of all transformation.
德
Virtue (De)
道之体现于人者。象传说"君子以厚德载物"。德是将天道内化为人的品格与行为。
The Way manifested in human character. The Image Commentary says, "The superior person sustains all things with abundant virtue." De is internalizing the Way into character and conduct.
The Way manifested in human character. The Image Commentary says, "The superior person sustains all things with abundant virtue." De is internalizing the Way into character and conduct.
时
Timeliness (Shi)
"与时偕行""时止则止，时行则行"。易经极为重视"时"——审时度势、因时制宜为行动之要。
"Advance with the times." "When the time demands stopping, stop; when it demands acting, act." The Yijing places supreme importance on timeliness — reading the times and adapting accordingly.
"Advance with the times." "When the time demands stopping, stop; when it demands acting, act." The Yijing places supreme importance on timeliness — reading the times and adapting accordingly.
中
Centrality (Zhong)
二爻与五爻为上下卦之"中"，得中为吉。"中"代表不偏不倚、恰到好处的状态。
Lines 2 and 5 are the "centers" of their trigrams; centrality is auspicious. "Zhong" represents the state of being balanced, impartial, and perfectly appropriate.
Lines 2 and 5 are the "centers" of their trigrams; centrality is auspicious. "Zhong" represents the state of being balanced, impartial, and perfectly appropriate.
正
Correctness (Zheng)
当位为"正"。阳居阳位、阴居阴位。"中正"兼得中与正，是最理想的爻位状态。
Being in the correct position. Yang in yang position, yin in yin position. "Central and correct" (中正) combining both centrality and correctness is the most ideal line position.
Being in the correct position. Yang in yang position, yin in yin position. "Central and correct" (中正) combining both centrality and correctness is the most ideal line position.
变
Transformation (Bian)
"穷则变，变则通，通则久。"变是易的核心精神——没有永恒不变的状态，变化中蕴含生机。
"When exhausted, change; when changed, penetrate; when penetrating, endure." Transformation is the core spirit of the Yijing — no state is permanent; within change lies vitality.
"When exhausted, change; when changed, penetrate; when penetrating, endure." Transformation is the core spirit of the Yijing — no state is permanent; within change lies vitality.
通
Penetration (Tong)
"变则通"。通是变化后的畅达状态。系辞："化而裁之谓之变，推而行之谓之通。"
"When changed, one penetrates." Tong is the state of free flow after transformation. Xi Ci: "Transforming and tailoring is called change; promoting and implementing is called penetration."
"When changed, one penetrates." Tong is the state of free flow after transformation. Xi Ci: "Transforming and tailoring is called change; promoting and implementing is called penetration."
元亨利贞
Sublime Success, Perseverance
乾卦四德：元（大·始）、亨（通·达）、利（宜·和）、贞（正·固）。文言传释为仁、礼、义、智四德。
The four qualities of Qian: Yuan (greatness, origin), Heng (penetration, success), Li (harmony, benefit), Zhen (correctness, steadfastness). The Wen Yan commentary interprets them as the four virtues: benevolence, propriety, righteousness, and wisdom.
The four qualities of Qian: Yuan (greatness, origin), Heng (penetration, success), Li (harmony, benefit), Zhen (correctness, steadfastness). The Wen Yan commentary interprets them as the four virtues: benevolence, propriety, righteousness, and wisdom.
天人合一
Unity of Heaven and Humanity
人应效法天地之道而行。"与天地合其德，与日月合其明，与四时合其序。"为易经最高的理想境界。
Humans should follow the Way of Heaven and Earth. "Match the virtue of Heaven and Earth, the brilliance of sun and moon, the order of the four seasons." The highest ideal of the Yijing.
Humans should follow the Way of Heaven and Earth. "Match the virtue of Heaven and Earth, the brilliance of sun and moon, the order of the four seasons." The highest ideal of the Yijing.
忧患意识
Sense of Crisis / Forethought
"作易者，其有忧患乎？"易经诞生于忧患之中，教人居安思危、防患未然。
"The creators of the Yijing — did they not have cares and anxieties?" Born from adversity, the Yijing teaches vigilance in times of peace and prevention before disaster.
"The creators of the Yijing — did they not have cares and anxieties?" Born from adversity, the Yijing teaches vigilance in times of peace and prevention before disaster.
肆 · Category IV
易传术语
The Ten Wings (Commentary)
《十翼》是对经文的系统阐释，含彖传、象传、系辞、文言、说卦、序卦、杂卦七种十篇。
Traditionally attributed to Confucius (scholarly debate exists). Ten chapters: Great Commentary (upper/lower), Image Commentary (upper/lower), Treatise on the Trigrams, Sequence of Hexagrams, Miscellaneous Notes on Hexagrams, and the Words of the Text. The key to understanding the classic.
Explains the hexagram judgments, clarifying the overall meaning and structural logic of each hexagram. In two parts (upper and lower).
Divided into "Greater Image" (explaining the whole hexagram, e.g., "As Heaven moves with vigor, the superior person strives ceaselessly") and "Lesser Image" (explaining individual lines). Emphasizes observing images and cultivating virtue.
The most philosophically important chapter. Discusses the origin of the Yijing, creation of the Eight Trigrams, the Way of yin and yang, and metaphysical principles. "One yin, one yang — that is the Way" comes from here.
Dedicated to deepening the meaning of Qian and Kun hexagrams, as they are the gateway of the Yijing. Elaborates on the philosophy within judgments and line statements.
Systematically describes the nature, imagery, and directions of the eight trigrams. E.g., "Qian means strength," "Kun means compliance," "Zhen is thunder, dragon, and dark-yellow."
Explains the internal logic of the hexagram sequence. Between each pair of hexagrams, there is a causal or oppositional relationship. E.g., "With Heaven and Earth, then all things are born."
Explains hexagram meanings through concise contrasts, breaking from the standard sequence and pairing hexagrams by similarity or opposition.