Terrain Advantage
贵高、贵阳、贵燥、贵近水、贵通路；恶卑、恶阴、恶湿、恶绝地。
Value high ground, sunny places, dry land, proximity to water, and accessible roads; avoid low ground, shady places, wet land, and desperate terrain.
地葆者，地利也。凡地之道，阳为表，阴为里，直者为纲，曲者为纪。
贵高、贵阳、贵燥、贵近水、贵通路；恶卑、恶阴、恶湿、恶绝地。
地葆就是利用地形之利。地形的原则是：向阳处为表，背阴处为里，直路为纲，曲路为纪。重视高地、向阳面、干燥地、靠近水源、交通便利之处；避免低洼、背阴、潮湿、绝地。
Terrain treasure refers to favorable terrain. Value high ground, sunny places, dry land, proximity to water, and accessible roads; avoid low ground, shady places, wet land, and desperate terrain.
地形分生地死地，用兵需善用地利，趋利避害
Terrain divides into life and death ground; seek advantage, avoid disadvantage.
孙膑的地形观比孙子"九地"更具体实用——直接给出"五贵四恶"的操作清单。这种"检查表"式思维在军事史上是超前的，类似于现代飞行员的起飞前检查清单。
Compare to military terrain analysis (OCOKA framework). Compare to real estate's "location, location, location."
马谡不听劝告屯兵山上，被张郃断其水源围困，街亭失守，诸葛亮被迫退兵。
Ma Su ignored advice and stationed troops on a hill. Zhang He cut off the water supply, besieged them, and Jieting fell — forcing Zhuge Liang to retreat.
李舜臣利用朝鲜半岛狭窄海域和潮汐规律，以龟船击败日本水军。
Yi Sun-sin used Korea's narrow straits and tidal patterns, deploying turtle ships to defeat the Japanese navy.
苏军利用城市建筑废墟进行巷战，将德军装甲优势化为无形，最终反败为胜。
Soviet forces used the city's ruined buildings for urban warfare, negating German armored superiority and ultimately turning defeat into victory.