The Eight Formations
八阵：方、圆、锐、曲、直、牝、牡、伏，因敌因地，变化无穷。
The eight formations: square, circle, sharp, curved, straight, female, male, and hidden. They change infinitely according to the enemy and terrain.
将者，上知天之道，下知地之理，内得其民之心，外知敌之情，阵则知八阵之经，见胜而战，弗见而诤。
八阵：方、圆、锐、曲、直、牝、牡、伏，因敌因地，变化无穷。
将帅必须上知天道，下知地理，内得民心，外知敌情，通晓八阵的要领，有胜利把握就战，没有就止。八阵包括：方阵、圆阵、锥形阵、曲折阵、直阵、牝阵、牡阵、伏阵，根据敌情和地形灵活变化，无穷无尽。
A general must understand heaven above, earth below, gain the people's hearts within, know the enemy's situation outside, and master the eight formations. Fight when victory is visible, refrain when it is not. The eight formations change infinitely according to the enemy and terrain.
为将者需通天地人、知敌情、明八阵；八阵因敌因地变化
A general must master heaven, earth, people, enemy, and formations; formations change infinitely.
孙膑是先秦兵家中最重视阵法研究的。"八阵"不仅是八种具体阵形，更是一种"模块化组合"思维——通过基本阵形的排列组合应对不同战场情境。这与现代系统论的"有限元素无限组合"原理相通。
Compare to modular military organization (US Army's Brigade Combat Teams). Compare to chess openings — finite patterns, infinite possibilities.
诸葛亮继承并发展孙膑八阵之法，在鱼腹浦布八阵图困住陆逊大军。
Zhuge Liang inherited and developed Sun Bin's eight formations, deploying the Eight Formation Diagram at Yufu Pu to trap Lu Xun's army.
亚历山大大帝的马其顿方阵以长矛密集阵形为核心，配合骑兵形成完美战术体系。
Alexander the Great's Macedonian Phalanx used dense spear formations as its core, combined with cavalry to create a perfect tactical system.
现代合成营将步兵、装甲、炮兵、工兵等模块化组合，灵活应对不同战场。
Modern combined battalions modularly combine infantry, armor, artillery, and engineers to flexibly adapt to different battlefields.