Stratagem 24 of 36

Offering a Path of Retreat

假道伐虢

Stratagems of Contending · 混战计

Core Definition

核心释义

Request passage through a weaker state to attack a third party — then use the opportunity to conquer the state you passed through.

两大之间,敌胁以从,我假以势。

Historical Origin

历史典故

The Classic Story

The state of Jin requested permission to pass through Yu to attack Guo. After Yu agreed, Jin conquered Guo on the way, then turned back and conquered the defenseless Yu as well — having used them twice.

晋国向虞国借道攻打虢国。虞国同意后,晋国在途中灭虢,回师时趁虞国防备空虚,将其一并吞灭——一石二鸟。

Modern Applications

现代应用
  • Entering a market through a partnership, then acquiring the partner
  • Using a vendor relationship to learn their business, then competing directly
  • Building on a platform, then creating a competing platform with the knowledge gained
  • Offering to "help" a struggling company, then taking control

Supplementary Case Studies

补充案例分析

Microsoft's Browser Strategy

Microsoft bundled Internet Explorer with Windows — asking users for "passage" through their operating system. Once inside, IE displaced Netscape (the "Guo"), and the operating system dominance was further cemented (the "Yu").

微软将IE浏览器与Windows捆绑——向用户请求通过操作系统的"借道"。进入后,IE取代了网景("虢"),操作系统主导地位进一步巩固("虞")。

Platform Dependency Trap

App stores often provide free tools and APIs (passage) to attract developers. Once developers build on the platform, the platform owner changes terms, adds fees, or competes directly — having used the developers to conquer the market.

应用商店常提供免费工具和API(借道)吸引开发者。开发者在平台上构建后,平台所有者改变条款、增加费用或直接竞争——利用开发者征服市场后将其吞并。