All 36 Stratagems

三十六计全集

The complete collection of the Thirty-Six Stratagems, organized by six strategic categories. Each stratagem includes bilingual definitions, historical origins, and modern applications.

Stratagems of Winning

胜战计
Stratagem 01

Crossing the Sea Under Camouflage

瞒天过海

Deceive the opponent by creating an illusion of normalcy. When something is done repeatedly, it becomes familiar and raises no suspicion.

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Stratagem 02

Besieging Wei to Rescue Zhao

围魏救赵

When the enemy is too strong to attack directly, strike at their point of vulnerability. Redirect force to where the opponent is weakest.

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Stratagem 03

Killing with a Borrowed Sword

借刀杀人

When you lack the strength to defeat an enemy, borrow power from a third party. Let others do the fighting while you conserve resources.

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Stratagem 04

Waiting at Ease for the Exhausted

以逸待劳

Conserve your energy while the enemy exhausts themselves. Let the opponent tire themselves out before engaging.

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Stratagem 05

Looting a House on Fire

趁火打劫

Exploit the enemy's misfortune. When an opponent is weakened by crisis, seize the opportunity to advance your position.

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Stratagem 06

Making a Feint to the East While Attacking in the West

声东击西

Create a diversion to draw attention away from your real target. Appear confused while maintaining a clear plan.

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Stratagems of Defending

敌战计
Stratagem 07

Creating Something Out of Nothing

无中生有

Use bluff and deception to create the illusion of strength. Make the enemy believe you have resources or capabilities you do not.

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Stratagem 08

Openly Repairing the Plank Road While Secretly Marching Through Chencang

暗渡陈仓

Pretend to attack in one direction while secretly advancing in another. Use visible preparations to mask your true intentions.

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Stratagem 09

Observing the Fire from Across the River

隔岸观火

Wait for the enemy to destroy themselves. When opponents are fighting among themselves, stay out of it and let them weaken each other.

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Stratagem 10

Hiding a Dagger Behind a Smile

笑里藏刀

Maintain friendly relations while secretly preparing to strike. Charm and trust-building mask your true hostile intentions.

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Stratagem 11

Sacrificing the Plum Tree for the Peach Tree

李代桃僵

Accept a minor loss to achieve a greater gain. Sacrifice something small to protect something more valuable.

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Stratagem 12

Leading Away a Sheep in Passing

顺手牵羊

Exploit small opportunities as they arise. Never pass up a minor gain even while pursuing a major objective.

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Stratagems of Attacking

攻战计
Stratagem 13

Striking the Grass to Startle the Snake

打草惊蛇

Probe the enemy to reveal their disposition. Test their defenses to understand their strengths and weaknesses before committing.

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Stratagem 14

Borrowing a Corpse to Resurrect the Soul

借尸还魂

Use something old or discarded as a vessel for new purposes. Revitalize old ideas, brands, or resources with new energy.

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Stratagem 15

Luring the Tiger Down the Mountain

调虎离山

Lure the enemy away from their position of strength. Remove their advantage by drawing them into unfamiliar territory.

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Stratagem 16

Wanting Something, Give Up on It First

欲擒故纵

Let the enemy go to tire them out. Give them rope to hang themselves — temporary retreat can lead to greater capture.

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Stratagem 17

Tossing Out a Brick to Attract Jade

抛砖引玉

Offer something of lesser value to obtain something greater. Use bait to draw out the enemy's valuable assets or information.

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Stratagem 18

Capturing the Ringleader First

擒贼擒王

Target the enemy's leader or key element. Defeating the head defeats the body — focus on the critical node.

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Stratagems of Contending

混战计
Stratagem 19

Removing the Firewood from Under the Pot

釜底抽薪

Undermine the enemy's source of strength. Instead of confronting the problem directly, eliminate what sustains it.

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Stratagem 20

Fishing in Troubled Waters

混水摸鱼

Exploit confusion and disorder. When multiple parties are in conflict, the resulting chaos creates opportunities.

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Stratagem 21

The Cicada Sheds Its Shell

金蝉脱壳

Escape by leaving a facade behind. Create a convincing illusion of presence while the real force moves elsewhere.

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Stratagem 22

Shutting the Door to Catch the Thief

关门捉贼

Cut off the enemy's escape routes. Ensure total victory by eliminating all avenues of retreat.

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Stratagem 23

Befriending the Distant While Attacking the Near

远交近攻

Form alliances with distant powers while attacking nearby enemies. Avoid fighting on multiple fronts simultaneously.

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Stratagem 24

Offering a Path of Retreat

假道伐虢

Request passage through a weaker state to attack a third party — then use the opportunity to conquer the state you passed through.

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Stratagems of Combining

并战计
Stratagem 25

Stealing the Beams and Replacing Them with Rotten Timbers

偷梁换柱

Replace the enemy's key components with inferior ones. Undermine their strength from within by substitution.

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Stratagem 26

Pointing at the Mulberry While Cursing the Locust

指桑骂槐

Criticize one thing to send a message to another. Use indirect warning to discipline or control without direct confrontation.

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Stratagem 27

Feigning Madness Without Losing Composure

假痴不癫

Pretend to be incompetent while secretly preparing. Appear foolish to lower the enemy's guard.

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Stratagem 28

Going Up the Roof to Remove the Ladder

上屋抽梯

Lure the enemy into a trap, then cut off their retreat. Give them a way in but no way out.

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Stratagem 29

Adding Flowers on Brocade

锦上添花

Strengthen what is already strong. Add to the advantages of the powerful to build stronger alliances and positions.

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Stratagem 30

The Black Pearl Among the Flock

反客为主

Gradually transform from guest to host. Start in a subordinate position and progressively take control.

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Stratagems of Retreat

败战计
Stratagem 31

The Beauty Trap

美人计

Use the enemy's weaknesses and desires against them. Target their emotional vulnerabilities rather than their strength.

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Stratagem 32

The Empty Fort Strategy

空城计

When completely outmatched, display total confidence. The boldness of your apparent vulnerability can confuse a cautious enemy.

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Stratagem 33

Using Spies and Double Agents

反间计

Turn the enemy's spies into double agents. Use their own intelligence network against them.

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Stratagem 34

Inflicting a Wound on Oneself to Win Trust

苦肉计

Deliberately harm yourself to gain the enemy's trust. Self-inflicted suffering can be the most convincing disguise.

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Stratagem 35

Interlocking Stratagems

连环计

Use a chain of interconnected strategies. Each move sets up the next, creating an inescapable sequence.

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Stratagem 36

If All Else Fails, Retreat

走为上计

When defeat is inevitable, retreat is the best strategy. Living to fight another day preserves future possibilities.

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