鹰种
鹰有数种:最上者名"海东青",产于辽东海外,体型小而矫健,能击天鹅。次者名"角鹰",大而猛,善捕兔。又有"鹞",体轻善飞,宜捕雀。三者习性各异,驯法不同。
驯鹰法
鹰初得,以布蒙其目,不令见人。日夜守之,不令睡眠。三日后去布,鹰见人不惊。乃以肉喂之,手托肉令食,渐与人亲。此法名"熬鹰"。
猎仪
唐代贵族出猎,必携猎鹰。鹰立于主人臂上,以皮制"臂衣"护臂。至猎场,去鹰帽,鹰即升空盘旋。见猎物,主人举臂为号,鹰即俯冲而下。猎毕,以鲜肉奖之。
鹰病
鹰有常见之疾:羽毛脱落者,以麻油涂之。不食者,以甘草水灌之。爪钝者,令其抓树皮自磨。最忌讳食腐肉,食则生病必死。
Falcon Breeds
Eagles come in several breeds: the finest is the "Haidongqing," produced beyond the seas of Liaodong — small in body but extraordinarily agile, capable of striking swans. Next is the "horned eagle," large and fierce, skilled at catching hares. Then there is the "sparrowhawk," light-bodied and swift, suited for catching sparrows. Their temperaments differ, as do their training methods.
Training Methods
When first obtained, the eagle's eyes are covered with cloth so it cannot see people. One watches it day and night, allowing no sleep. After three days the cloth is removed — the eagle sees humans without alarm. Then one feeds it meat by hand, letting it eat from the palm, gradually becoming tame. This method is called "breaking the eagle."
Hunting Etiquette
Tang aristocrats on a hunt always carried falcons. The eagle perched on its master's arm, protected by a leather "arm-guard." At the hunting ground, the hood was removed and the eagle ascended to circle above. When prey was spotted, the master raised his arm as signal — the eagle dove. After the hunt, fresh meat was the reward.
Falcon Ailments
Eagles have common ailments: for feather loss, apply sesame oil. For loss of appetite, administer licorice water. For blunt claws, let it scratch bark to sharpen them. Most forbidden is feeding on carrion — if it eats decayed meat, illness and death are certain.