肉攫部

The Art of Falconry
唐代猎鹰驯养全书——贵族的「空中武器」
A Complete Guide to Tang Dynasty Falconry — The Aristocracy's "Aerial Weapons"
Ages 10+ Mild Spooky Chinese Gothic Tales
视图
字号
中文 Chinese
《肉攫部》是《酉阳杂俎》中最独特的篇章之一,专门记录猎鹰的品种、驯养方法和狩猎礼仪。这不是志怪,而是近乎「实用手册」的驯鹰指南。段成式详细描述了不同品种猎鹰的外观特征、性格脾气、训练步骤,甚至包括如何选择猎鹰、如何调养饮食、如何纠正坏习惯。这是研究唐代鹰猎文化最珍贵的一手文献。
English 英文
"The Art of Falconry" is one of the most unique sections of Youyang Zazu — a specialized record of falcon breeds, training methods, and hunting etiquette. This is not supernatural tales but reads almost like a practical manual. Duan describes in detail the appearance, temperament, and training procedures of different falcon breeds, including how to select a bird, regulate its diet, and correct bad habits. This is the most valuable primary source for studying Tang falconry culture.
中文 Chinese

鹰种

鹰有数种:最上者名"海东青",产于辽东海外,体型小而矫健,能击天鹅。次者名"角鹰",大而猛,善捕兔。又有"鹞",体轻善飞,宜捕雀。三者习性各异,驯法不同。

驯鹰法

鹰初得,以布蒙其目,不令见人。日夜守之,不令睡眠。三日后去布,鹰见人不惊。乃以肉喂之,手托肉令食,渐与人亲。此法名"熬鹰"。

猎仪

唐代贵族出猎,必携猎鹰。鹰立于主人臂上,以皮制"臂衣"护臂。至猎场,去鹰帽,鹰即升空盘旋。见猎物,主人举臂为号,鹰即俯冲而下。猎毕,以鲜肉奖之。

鹰病

鹰有常见之疾:羽毛脱落者,以麻油涂之。不食者,以甘草水灌之。爪钝者,令其抓树皮自磨。最忌讳食腐肉,食则生病必死。

English 英文

Falcon Breeds

Eagles come in several breeds: the finest is the "Haidongqing," produced beyond the seas of Liaodong — small in body but extraordinarily agile, capable of striking swans. Next is the "horned eagle," large and fierce, skilled at catching hares. Then there is the "sparrowhawk," light-bodied and swift, suited for catching sparrows. Their temperaments differ, as do their training methods.

Training Methods

When first obtained, the eagle's eyes are covered with cloth so it cannot see people. One watches it day and night, allowing no sleep. After three days the cloth is removed — the eagle sees humans without alarm. Then one feeds it meat by hand, letting it eat from the palm, gradually becoming tame. This method is called "breaking the eagle."

Hunting Etiquette

Tang aristocrats on a hunt always carried falcons. The eagle perched on its master's arm, protected by a leather "arm-guard." At the hunting ground, the hood was removed and the eagle ascended to circle above. When prey was spotted, the master raised his arm as signal — the eagle dove. After the hunt, fresh meat was the reward.

Falcon Ailments

Eagles have common ailments: for feather loss, apply sesame oil. For loss of appetite, administer licorice water. For blunt claws, let it scratch bark to sharpen them. Most forbidden is feeding on carrion — if it eats decayed meat, illness and death are certain.

中文 Chinese
《肉攫部》在《酉阳杂俎》中是一个异类——它几乎没有「怪」的成分,而是纯粹的实用知识记录。这恰恰显示了段成式的「博物学家」本色:他不仅仅是志怪小说家,更是一个对世间万物充满好奇的知识收集者。鹰猎文化在唐代是身份的象征——只有贵族才养得起猎鹰,才掌握驯鹰的技术。《肉攫部》因此也是一部「阶层志」,通过猎鹰这个切面,展现了唐代上层社会的生活方式和审美趣味。
English 英文
"The Art of Falconry" is an outlier in Youyang Zazu — it contains almost no supernatural elements, being pure practical knowledge. This reveals Duan's true nature as a naturalist: he was not merely a writer of ghost tales but a collector of knowledge intensely curious about everything in the world. Falconry in the Tang was a symbol of status — only the aristocracy could afford hawks and master their training. "The Art of Falconry" is thus also a "class portrait," revealing the lifestyle and aesthetic tastes of the Tang upper class through the lens of falconry.
中文 Chinese
海东青 唐代最珍贵的猎鹰品种,产于东北亚。契丹、女真等北方民族将其视为神鸟。海东青的驯养技术被视为最高军事机密——拥有好的海东青意味着拥有空中侦察和攻击能力。
熬鹰 通过剥夺睡眠来驯服猛禽的方法,在世界多个文化中独立发展(中东、欧洲、东亚)。这个过程需要驯鹰人和鹰一起「熬夜」,是一种意志力的较量。
English 英文
Haidongqing (海东青) The most prized falcon breed of the Tang dynasty, produced in Northeast Asia. The Khitan, Jurchen, and other northern peoples regarded it as a divine bird. Its training techniques were considered top military secrets — owning a good Haidongqing meant possessing aerial reconnaissance and attack capability.
Breaking the Eagle (熬鹰) A method of taming raptors through sleep deprivation, developed independently across multiple cultures (Middle East, Europe, East Asia). This process requires the falconer and the eagle to "stay awake together" — a contest of willpower.