Chapter 24
Excess

On Tiptoe Cannot Stand

One who stands on tiptoe cannot stand firm. One who takes long strides cannot walk far. One who displays himself does not shine. One who asserts himself is not noted. One who praises himself has no merit. One who boasts does not endure. In the Dao's way of eating, these are called excess food and excess action - things all creatures detest. Therefore one who has Dao does not dwell in them.

One who stands on tiptoe cannot stand firm.
One who takes long strides cannot walk far.


One who displays himself does not shine.
One who asserts himself is not noted.
One who praises himself has no merit.
One who boasts does not endure.


In the Dao's way of eating,
these are called excess food and excess action -
things all creatures detest.


Therefore one who has Dao
does not dwell in them.

TermPinyinMeaning
企者 qǐ zhě one who stands on tiptoe - trying to appear taller than one is
跨者 kuà zhě one who takes long strides - overreaching
自见 zì xiàn displaying oneself - showing off
自是 zì shì asserting oneself - being self-righteous
自伐 zì fá praising oneself - self-congratulation
自矜 zì jīn boasting - self-inflation
余食 yú shí excess food - leftovers, surplus that no one wants
赘行 zhuì xíng excess action - unnecessary, redundant behavior
'One who stands on tiptoe cannot stand firm. One who takes long strides cannot walk far.'
Physical metaphors for overextension. When you try too hard to be something you're not, you lose stability. Authenticity requires staying grounded.
'One who displays himself does not shine. One who asserts himself is not noted.'
Paradox of self-promotion: it backfires. Those who let their work speak for them are noticed; those who shout about their achievements are tuned out.
'In the Dao's way of eating, these are called excess food and excess action.'
'Excess food' (余食) - leftovers no one wants. Self-promotion is like reheated food: it smells worse than it tastes. The Dao's way is fresh and natural, not recycled and forced.
'Therefore one who has Dao does not dwell in them.'
The sage avoids these behaviors not from moral duty but from wisdom - they simply don't work.
You should never talk about your achievements.
You shouldn't inflate them. Genuine sharing is natural; self-promotion is forced. The difference is in the motivation.
This is about being invisible.
It's about being authentic. The sage shines naturally without display - like the sun, which doesn't need to announce its light.
💡 Personal Branding
The most credible brands don't advertise aggressively - they deliver value and let reputation grow organically. Authenticity beats self-promotion every time.
🏢 Social Media Presence
Constantly posting about your success is 'excess food.' Share substance, not selfies. Let others speak about you rather than speaking about yourself.
📚 Skill Development
'Standing on tiptoe' in learning: trying to appear advanced before mastering basics. Stay at your actual level - firm footing leads to real progress.
Wang Bi 王弼 (226–249 CE)
'These behaviors are like surplus - unwanted by both self and others. The Dao has no use for excess.'
Emphasizes the Dao's economy: nothing wasted, nothing surplus.
Heshang Gong 河上公 (Han dynasty)
'Those who display themselves are like extra growths on the body - ugly and unnecessary.'
Vivid metaphor: self-promotion as a tumor.
Chen Guying 陈鼓应 (b. 1935)
'Laozi's critique of self-display is not anti-confidence but anti-ego. There is a vast difference between quiet competence and noisy self-assertion.'
Modern reading: distinguishes healthy confidence from ego inflation.

🔗 Cross-References

📚 Other Classics
🌍 Modern Thought