Stratagem 02 of 36

Besieging Wei to Rescue Zhao

围魏救赵

Stratagems of Winning · 胜战计

Core Definition

核心释义

When the enemy is too strong to attack directly, strike at their point of vulnerability. Redirect force to where the opponent is weakest.

共敌不如分敌,敌阳不如敌阴。

Historical Origin

历史典故

The Classic Story

During the Warring States period, Wei attacked Zhao and besieged its capital. Instead of meeting the strong Wei army head-on, Sun Bin suggested attacking the undefended Wei capital. The Wei army was forced to retreat to defend their home, and Zhao was saved without direct confrontation.

战国时期,魏国攻打赵国都城邯郸。孙膑建议齐国不直接与强大的魏军交战,而是进攻魏国防守空虚的都城大梁。魏军被迫回师救援,赵国之围遂解。

Modern Applications

现代应用
  • Attacking a competitor's secondary market instead of their stronghold
  • Solving business disputes by addressing the root cause, not symptoms
  • Redirecting negotiations to areas where you hold advantage
  • In litigation, focusing on the opponent's weakest legal arguments

Supplementary Case Studies

补充案例分析

Amazon vs eBay Marketplace

Rather than competing head-on against eBay's auction stronghold, Amazon attacked eBay's vulnerability: lack of fulfillment infrastructure. By offering sellers logistics, trust, and Prime shipping through FBA, Amazon drew sellers away from eBay without fighting on eBay's terms.

亚马逊不与eBay的拍卖强项正面竞争,而是攻击其弱点:缺乏物流基础设施。通过FBA为卖家提供物流、信任和Prime配送,亚马逊在不按eBay规则竞争的情况下吸引了卖家。

Airbnb vs Hotels

Airbnb didn't compete with hotels on amenities or locations. Instead, it attacked hotels' weakness: high prices and impersonal experience. By offering affordable, local accommodation, Airbnb forced hotels to compete on unfamiliar terrain — authenticity and community.

Airbnb没有在设施或位置上与酒店竞争,而是攻击酒店的弱点:高价格和无个性体验。通过提供实惠的本地住宿,Airbnb迫使酒店在不熟悉的领域——真实性和社区感——上竞争。