Stratagem 03 of 36

Killing with a Borrowed Sword

借刀杀人

Stratagems of Winning · 胜战计

Core Definition

核心释义

When you lack the strength to defeat an enemy, borrow power from a third party. Let others do the fighting while you conserve resources.

敌已明,友未定,引友杀敌,不自出力。

Historical Origin

历史典故

The Classic Story

During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Yu of Wu wanted to eliminate Cao Cao's naval threat but lacked sufficient forces. He used the strategy of having Zhuge Liang's ally Liu Bei provide the forces and intelligence, effectively using another's resources to achieve his own military objectives.

三国时期,周瑜欲除曹操水军之患但兵力不足。他通过巧妙布局,借刘备之力对抗曹操,以他人之力实现自己的军事目标。

Modern Applications

现代应用
  • Using industry regulations to weaken competitors
  • Leveraging media attention to pressure business opponents
  • Building coalitions to counter dominant market players
  • Using third-party audits to expose competitor weaknesses

Supplementary Case Studies

补充案例分析

Saudi Arabia Oil Strategy

In 2014-2016, Saudi Arabia maintained high oil production to drive down prices, using low-cost production as a "borrowed sword" against high-cost US shale producers. The strategy aimed to let market forces bankrupt competitors without direct confrontation.

2014-2016年,沙特维持高产量以压低油价,以低成本生产为"借刀"对付美国高成本页岩油生产商。该策略旨在让市场力量淘汰对手,无需直接对抗。

Proxy Wars in Business

Companies often fund startups or legal challenges to fight competitors indirectly. Google funded Mozilla Firefox for years to maintain browser competition against Microsoft's Internet Explorer — using Firefox as the "borrowed sword" to prevent monopoly scrutiny.

企业常资助初创公司或法律挑战来间接对抗竞争对手。谷歌多年资助Mozilla Firefox以维持对微软IE的浏览器竞争——以Firefox为"借刀"防止垄断审查。