孙思邈孙思邈唐代著名医药学家、道士（约581-682年），京兆华原人。被后世尊为"药王"。著有《千金要方》《千金翼方》，是中国医学史上的里程碑之作。传说他活了一百四十余岁。，唐代道士、医药学家。被后世尊为"药王药王"医药之王"，是对医术最高超的医者的尊称。中国各地均有药王庙供奉孙思邈。"。幼年多病，因病学医，终成一代宗师。
传说他曾救治一条被牧童打伤的青龙青龙青色的龙。在中国文化中，龙是神兽，掌管水域与降雨。青龙也是四象之一，代表东方和春季。。青龙感其恩德，引其入龙宫，赐以仙方。孙思邈以此仙方救人无数，后编入《千金要方》。
Sun Simiao孙思邈 Sūn SīmiǎoA renowned Tang dynasty physician and Daoist (c. 581–682), from Huayuan, Jingzhao. Revered posthumously as the "King of Medicine." He authored the "Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold" and its supplement — milestone works in Chinese medical history. Legend says he lived over 140 years. was a Tang dynasty Daoist and physician. Revered by later generations as the "King of Medicine药王 yào wáng"King of Medicine" — the highest honorific for a physician of supreme skill. Temples dedicated to Sun Simiao as the King of Medicine exist throughout China.." Sickly as a child, he studied medicine because of illness and ultimately became a grand master.
Legend tells that he once healed a blue dragon青龙 qīng lóngA blue-green dragon. In Chinese culture, dragons are divine beasts governing waters and rain. The Azure Dragon is also one of the Four Symbols, representing the East and spring. injured by a shepherd boy. The dragon, moved by gratitude, led him to the Dragon Palace and bestowed upon him an immortal prescription. Sun Simiao used this remedy to save countless lives, later compiling it into the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold.
孙思邈，京兆华原人。幼而颖悟，博通经史百家。因幼年多病，遂学医术，精研本草本草中国古代药物学的统称，源于《神农本草经》。"本草"字面意为"草木之本源"，泛指一切药物。方书。
居太白山时，有牧童击一蛇，伤之将死。思邈见之，以药救之。蛇实乃青龙青龙青色的龙，四象之一，代表东方。此处青龙化为蛇形，被牧童所伤。所化，感思邈活命之恩，誓图报答。
Sun Simiao was from Huayuan, Jingzhao. Precocious and brilliant from youth, he was learned in the Confucian classics, history, and the hundred schools of thought. Afflicted by illness in childhood, he turned to medicine, devoting himself to the study of materia medica本草 běn cǎoThe general term for pharmacology in ancient China, originating from the "Divine Farmer's Classic of Materia Medica." Literally "the root of herbs and plants," it broadly refers to all medicines. and prescription texts.
While living on Mount Taibai, a shepherd boy struck a serpent, wounding it near to death. Simiao saw this and healed it with medicine. The serpent was in truth a blue dragon青龙 qīng lóngA blue-green dragon, one of the Four Symbols representing the East. Here the blue dragon had taken serpent form and was injured by a shepherd boy. in disguise. Moved by Simiao's gift of life, it vowed to repay the debt.
一日，有白衣人至，曰：「君曾救吾命，今请君入龙宫龙宫龙王居住的水下宫殿。在中国神话中，龙宫藏有世间一切珍宝和仙方。"龙宫得方"是道教文学中常见的母题。一游。」遂引思邈入水，至一宫殿，金碧辉煌，非人间所有。
龙王出迎，设宴款待。曰：「先生以仁心活我族类，此恩不可不报。」遂命左右取仙方三十首，授与思邈。
龙王曰：「此方非人间所有，可以济世活人济世活人救济世间、救活人命。"济"是救助、周济，"活"是使活、救活。这是中国医者最高的道德追求。。愿先生善用之。」
One day, a man in white appeared and said: "You once saved my life. Now I invite you to visit the Dragon Palace龙宫 lóng gōngThe underwater palace of the Dragon King. In Chinese mythology, the Dragon Palace harbors all the world's treasures and immortal prescriptions. "Receiving a remedy from the Dragon Palace" is a common motif in Daoist literature.." He led Simiao beneath the waters to a palace of golden splendor, unlike anything in the mortal world.
The Dragon King came forth to greet him and prepared a banquet. He said: "Sir, with your benevolent heart you saved one of my kind — this debt of gratitude must be repaid." He then ordered his attendants to bring thirty immortal prescriptions and bestowed them upon Simiao.
The Dragon King said: "These remedies do not exist in the mortal world. With them, you may aid the world and save lives济世活人 jì shì huó rénTo relieve the world and save human lives. "Ji" means to aid and succor; "huo" means to bring to life, to save. This is the highest moral aspiration of the Chinese physician.. I pray you put them to good use."
思邈归，以此方行医天下。凡经其手，沉疴痼疾，无不痊愈。四方求医者络绎不绝，车马盈门。
思邈尝曰：「人命至重，有贵千金。一方济之，德逾于此。」遂将其毕生医方编成一书，名曰《千金要方千金要方全称《备急千金要方》，孙思邈所著。全书三十卷，载方五千余首，是中国医学史上的经典之作。书名取"人命贵于千金"之意。》。
后又续编《千金翼方》三十卷。两书合之，方剂万余首，活人无数活人无数救活了无数的人。"活"在此为使动用法，"使……活"。这是对医者最高的评价。。思邈年百余岁而终，后人尊之为"药王"，立庙祭祀。
Simiao returned and practiced medicine across the realm with these prescriptions. Every chronic and stubborn disease that passed through his hands was cured without exception. Those seeking his healing came from all directions in an endless stream, carriages and horses crowding his gate.
Simiao once said: "A human life is of the utmost weight — worth more than a thousand pieces of gold. If a single prescription can save a life, its virtue surpasses all wealth." He compiled his lifetime of medical knowledge into a single work, titled "Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold千金要方 qiān jīn yào fāngFull title: "Beiji Qianjin Yaofang" (Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies Worth a Thousand Gold). Authored by Sun Simiao, in 30 volumes containing over 5,000 prescriptions — a classic of Chinese medical history. The title reflects the idea that "a human life is worth more than a thousand gold."."
Later he compiled a further supplement of thirty volumes. Together, the two works contained over ten thousand prescriptions and saved countless lives活人无数 huó rén wú shùSaved innumerable lives. "Huo" is used here as a causative verb — "to cause to live." This is the highest praise one can give a physician.. Simiao lived past a hundred years and passed away. Later generations honored him as the "King of Medicine" and built temples in his worship.
文学价值
孙思邈的故事是道教"医道合一"思想的最佳叙事载体。"以药救蛇 → 蛇报恩引路 → 龙宫得仙方 → 济世活人"，这个叙事链条将医学提升到了天人感应的高度：医者的仁心不仅能感动凡人，更能感动天地神灵。
"人命至重，有贵千金"这句话是中国医学伦理的核心宣言。它将"生命"定义为不可用金钱衡量的至高价值——任何医方，只要能救人一命，便价值千金。这种以"生命"为终极价值的思想，超越了时代的局限，至今仍是医学伦理的基石。
比较研究
与西方医学之父希波克拉底的"希波克拉底誓言"相比，孙思邈的"千金论"更具哲学深度——它不仅是医者的职业道德，更是对"生命本质价值"的终极追问。与同时代的"药王"扁鹊相比，孙思邈更强调"著书传世"——他不仅治病，更将医术系统化、理论化，使后人可以延续他的事业。
Literary Merit
The Sun Simiao story is the finest narrative vehicle for the Daoist ideal of "the unity of medicine and the Way." "Heal a serpent with medicine → the serpent repays by leading the way → obtain immortal prescriptions from the Dragon Palace → save the world and its people" — this narrative chain elevates medicine to the height of cosmic resonance: a physician's benevolence can move not only mortals but the very spirits of heaven and earth.
"A human life is of the utmost weight — worth more than a thousand pieces of gold" is the core declaration of Chinese medical ethics. It defines "life" as the supreme value beyond all monetary measure — any prescription that can save a single life is worth a thousand gold. This idea, placing "life" as the ultimate value, transcends the limitations of its era and remains a cornerstone of medical ethics today.
Comparative Study
Compared to the Hippocratic Oath of Western medicine's father, Sun Simiao's "Thousand Gold" thesis carries deeper philosophical weight — it is not merely a physician's professional code but an ultimate inquiry into "the intrinsic value of life." Compared to Bian Que, another "King of Medicine" of earlier times, Sun Simiao placed greater emphasis on "writing books to transmit to posterity" — he not only treated diseases but systematized and theorized medicine, enabling future generations to continue his work.
孙思邈最重要的医学著作，全称《备急千金要方》，共三十卷，载方五千三百余首。涵盖内、外、妇、儿、五官各科，以及养生、食疗、针灸等内容。是中国第一部理法方药俱全的医学百科全书。书名取"人命贵于千金"之意，体现了孙思邈以生命为至高价值的医学伦理观。其续编《千金翼方》又三十卷，两书合为中国医学史上的不朽丰碑。
Sun Simiao's most important medical work, full title "Beiji Qianjin Yaofang" (Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies Worth a Thousand Gold), in 30 volumes containing over 5,300 prescriptions. It covers internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, ENT, as well as regimen, dietary therapy, and acupuncture. It is China's first medical encyclopedia encompassing theory, method, prescription, and materia medica. The title embodies the idea that "a human life is worth more than a thousand gold" — reflecting Sun Simiao's medical ethic of life as supreme value. Its supplement, in another 30 volumes, together form an immortal monument in Chinese medical history.
中国古代对医术最高超的医者的尊称。历史上被尊为"药王"的有数人，但以孙思邈最为广泛认可。全国各地建有药王庙，农历四月二十八日为药王诞辰，民间会举行祭祀活动。药王信仰融合了道教的仙道思想和民间的感恩文化——人们不仅感谢医者的医术，更崇敬其济世活人的仁心。孙思邈被神化的过程，也是中国"医者仁心"文化理念的集中体现。
An honorific title in ancient China for the physician of supreme skill. Several historical figures have been called "King of Medicine," but Sun Simiao is the most widely recognized. King of Medicine temples exist throughout China; on the 28th day of the fourth lunar month — Sun Simiao's birthday — folk communities hold worship ceremonies. The King of Medicine cult blends Daoist immortal-worship with folk gratitude culture — people honor not only the physician's skill but revere the benevolent heart that seeks to save the world. The deification of Sun Simiao is the concentrated expression of China's cultural ideal of "the physician's heart of benevolence."